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The function of DNS, or Domain Name System, is to translate domain names into IP addresses. This process is essential because while users prefer to access websites using human-readable names like www.example.com, computers and networking devices communicate using numerical IP addresses. When a user enters a domain name in their browser, DNS servers are queried to resolve that name into the appropriate IP address. This allows the browser to initiate a connection to the correct server hosting the desired content.

This translation process is fundamental to the operation of the internet, enabling efficient routing of data by allowing devices to locate and connect to each other based on easily memorable names rather than numeric addresses. Other options, such as assigning network protocols, filtering internet traffic, and securing network communications, involve different functionalities and processes that are not within the specific role of DNS.